Progress in response mechanisms and catalyst improvement of ceria-based catalysts for low-temperature CO2 methanation

With the event of carbon dioxide (CO₂) seize, storage and utilization (CCSU) applied sciences, CO₂ has regularly grow to be a desired feedstock for the manufacturing of value-added chemical compounds like methane (CH₄). Ceria (CeO₂)-based catalysts have gained a lot consideration due to their potential to effectively hydrogenate CO₂ to CH₄ beneath gentle situations. Right here we systematically define the advances in CeO₂-based catalysts for CO₂ methanation primarily from the attitude of mechanism investigation and catalyst improvement. Numerous in situ/operando and ex situ applied sciences have verified that energetic steel and oxygen vacancies on the steel/steel oxide–CeO₂ interface act because the prime energetic websites to advertise the formation and hydrogenation of key intermediates in the course of the CO₂ methanation response. Kinetic evaluation and in situ DRIFT characterization mixed with theoretical calculations revealed that the response mechanism towards CO₂ methanation is delicate to energetic websites, and the formate route versus the carboxyl (CO*) route has been extensively detected as the principle methanation pathway over CeO₂-based catalysts. Moreover, mainstream methods to enhance CeO₂-based catalysts embody optimizing reducibility, adjusting the distribution of fundamental websites, dispersing energetic steel supported on CeO₂, and growing the quantity of oxygen vacancies or further energetic websites for CO₂ adsorption and selective hydrogenation into CH₄. Lastly, views on the deeper understanding of energetic websites and intermediates’ evolution and the challenges of CeO₂-based catalysts for CO₂ methanation in future investigations are offered.